They correspond to an evaluation of the biological importance of the host plant for the pest concerned, together with the economic importance of this plant for the eppo region. Brenneria salicis has been studied in willow wood only in relation to watermark disease. The wood of affected branches and trunks shows a watersoaked brown or redbrown stain in the sapwood that is often restricted to the outermost annual rings but may sometimes cover the whole transverse section. Brenneria salicis 10, formerly erwinia salicis, is the causal agent of this disease and occurs mainly in the xylem vessels of the host plant. Genetic loci involved in rubrifacine production in the walnut. Bacterial strains were previously identified to species level through multilocus sequence analysis and dnadna hybridization 5, 6, 34, 35. Taxonomy and identification of bacteria associated with acute. The brenneria like isolates were divided into two main clusters, one with brenneria salicis the type species as the closest phylogenetic neighbour and the other most closely related to brenneria quercina, which was far removed from the remaining brenneria species. The organization of bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology makes it impractical for helping place unknown bacteria into major taxa, but it contains far more detail on the families, genera, and species and is far more up to date than the determinative manual. Background and initial investigation paper on the red tape.
Identification of these bacteria is difficult due to similarities in colony morphology, phenotypic pro file and 16s rrna gene sequences. The type species is brenneria salicis day 1924 hauben et al. Efsa, the university of the balearic islands, the euphresco network for phytosanitary research. Brenneria salicis resides in symptomless willow salix spp. Salicin is an antiinflammatory which is produced from all willow barks.
Brenneria salicis is a gramnegative bacterium that is pathogenic on plants the bacterium is known to cause watermark disease in willow salix ssp. Brenneria salicis was detected by plating and polymerase chain reactionbased techniques. List of bacteria presenting at the wild state a biological. Importation of plants for planting, 98519865 203058 download as pdf 9851 proposed rules federal register vol. Screening for the occurrence of brenneria salicis in. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties.
Inferring ancient metabolism using ancestral core metabolic. These primers provide a new specific and sensitive tool for the detection of b. Salicin, chemically speaking, is closely related to aspirin and has a very similar action in the human body. Brenneria salicis is the causal agent of watermark disease in willows salix spp. The bacterium brenneria salicis resides in the xylem of salix spp. Click the site tabs to download sequence file s, blast, and view annotations. Request pdf brenneria salicis, the bacterium causing watermark disease in willow, resides as an endophyte in wood brenneria salicis has been studied in willow wood only in relation to. Brenneria salicis, the bacterium causing watermark disease in willow, resides as an endophyte in wood. December 2008 list of bacteria presenting at the wild state a biological risk for plants cr species acidovorax 2 acidovorax avenae subsp.
Out of the total 44 genera and 176 named species for the family of enterobacteriaceae 1, there are over 147 complete or nearly complete genomes from 23 genera currently available, according to ncbi. Illumnia miseq data have been deposited in the sequence read archive. Continuing to use this website means you agree to our use of cookies. Jun 16, 2017 the brennerialike isolates were divided into two main clusters, one with brenneria salicis the type species as the closest phylogenetic neighbour and the other most closely related to brenneria quercina, which was far removed from the remaining brenneria species. Symptomatic trees are characterised by stem bleeds from vertical fissures, necrotic lesions in the live tissue beneath and larval galleries of the two spotted oak buprestid agrilus biguttatus. A reliable and sensitive diagnostic procedure is necessary for the safe movement of willow planting material. Develop a culture independent based method for the detectionof b. Several abiotic and biotic factors can be responsible for tree death, however the tissue. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Development of method for detection of brenneria rubrifaciens.
Department of plant biotechnology and bioinformatics. Bacteria this list contains bacteria that may be identified in culture. The authors used this claim and other information from their paper to reach a conclusion that a public health risk may exist when uv radiation is utilized as a drinking water treatment system. Nutritional imbalance caused by nitrogen excess is correlated. Willows in the flemish region are threatened by the watermark disease, a wood disease caused by the bacterium brenneria salicis hauben et al. Willow wood sap promotes the densitydependent pathogenesis.
Brenneria salicis ncppb 447 brenneria alni ncppb 3934. Brenneria nigrifluens brenneria rubrifaciens brenneria salicis burkholderia glumae candidatus liberibacter africanus huanglongbing greening disease candidatus liberibacter americanus huanglongbing greening disease candiatus liberibacter solanacearum zebra chip clavibacter michiganensis subsp. In spring and autumn 2008, six samples from withering branches with bark cankers were collected. Termen van boheest is een naslagwerk over natuur en beschaving, met bijzondere aandacht voor bomen, struiken en geschiedkundig landgebruik. Brenneria salicis often persists at a site even after diseased trees have been cut down and destroyed. Necrosi corticali da brenneria nigrifluens e altri batteri su noce in impianti piemontesi. This genus is named after the microbiologist don j. Polish isolates of pectinolytic bacteria from the species pectobacterium carotovorum were screened for the presence of a dna restrictionmodification rm system. The brennerialike isolates were divided into two main clusters, one with brenneria salicis the type species as the closest phylogenetic neighbour and the other most closely related to brenneria quercina, which was far removed from the remaining brenneria species. Documents about brenneria salicis erwisa this website uses cookies our website uses cookies to ensure that we give you the best possible online experience. A total of two brenneria genomes, 32 dickeya genomes, and 51 pectobacterium genomes were included in this study supplementary table s1. Nutritional imbalance caused by nitrogen excess is. Currently, the entry prohibits the importation of salix spp. With the exception of thermophiles all species are either 26.
Organism name organism name achromobacter dentrificans iodobacter fluviatilis. Some members of this genus were formerly placed in erwinia. Professional forums eduma forum shiva namaskar mantra pdf tagged. Early signs of the disease are wilting or driedout, dead leaves on intermittent branches throughout the trees crown. Brenneria salicis erwisadocuments eppo global database. Taxonomy of bacteria, bergeys manual of systematic. Abstract willows in the flemish region are threatened by the watermark disease, a wood disease caused by the bacterium brenneria salicis hauben et al. Iuva news comment on uv disinfection induces a vbnc state. In this study we aim at revealing abiotic site factors.
Pcrbased detection of the causal agent of watermark. During spring and summer, the leaves on some branches suddenly wilt and turn reddishbrown. Genomes used in this study for phylogenetic reconstruction, their sources, dates of isolation, and hosts are listed in additional file 4. Importation of plants for planting, 98519865 203058. Brenneria salicis, the bacterium causing watermark disease in. The updated entry would specify that watermark disease is known both as brenneria salicis day hauben et al. First, our basic forecasting instrument is the conventional set of monetary fundamentals proposed by exchange rate determination theory and used in the exchange rate forecasting literature since the meeserogoff study.
White willows are fastgrowing, but relatively shortlived, being susceptible to several diseases, including watermark disease caused by the bacterium brenneria salicis named because of the characteristic watermark staining in the wood. A variety of methods have been utilized to infer the taxonomic relationships of the genera dickeya, pectobacterium, brenneria, erwinia, and pantoea, including morphological and biological methods, serological methods, and molecular methods. Gibbsiella quercinecans, brenneria goodwiniiand rah nella victoriana. The movement of infected, asymptomatic cuttings is a major cause of pathogen dispersal. When consumed, it is metabolized to salicylic acid. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Response to the consultation on willow watermark brenneria salicis 4 response to the consultation on willow watermark brenneria salicis john morgan 16032015 summary of consultation responses jeremy ruggles of j s wright and sons limited stated that the disease is still prevalent, and many of their competitors do not deal with the problem, merely ignoring it. An empirical test of the relationship david umorua and jameelah o. Brenneria is a genus of pectobacteriaceae, containing mostly pathogens of woody plants.
A reevaluation of the taxonomy of phytopathogenic genera. Brenneria salicis in willow and its relation to watermark disease. We are amending the regulations on importing plants for planting to add turkey to the list of countries from which the importation of restricted articles of chrysanthemum spp. The cloned gene conferred a resistance pattern of an ambler class c. Wild natural white willow bark extract 5%98%salicin by hplc. A nomenclatural revision of the genus alnicola cortinariaceae. This prototype edition of the daily federal register on federalregister. Brenneria quercina is the causal agent of drippy nut disease of oaks. Genomic analysis of bacteria in the acute oak decline.
Recognition of the genus brenneria is based solely on comparative analysis of 16s rdna sequence data that shows sequences representing brenneria spp. Identification of a dna restrictionmodification system in. Private and public health capital expenditures in nigeria. Brenneria salicis was identified and traced with a new specific three. White willow specifically, the bark is the original source of salicin, a weaker forerunner of aspirin. With the exception of thermophiles, all species are either 26 c, 30 or 3537c. The bacterium brenneria salicis the cause of watermark disease in willow is prevalent in the wider environment.
Top of page erwinia salicis was accepted in the approved lists of bacterial names skerman et al. Brenneria salicis, the bacterium causing watermark disease. Infected willows show wilted, dried, browncolored leaves and a watery, transparent color of the wood. Rahnella variigena cip105588t, biosample samn07554573. Federal register importation of plants for planting. In this pathogenic condition, the bacterium occurs at high concentrations. Laboratory experiments and field observations suggest that the bacteria can spread via root contact to healthy trees planted within five metres of diseased stumps. Current identification relies heavily on gyrb gene amplification and sequencing, which is time consuming and laborious. The watermark disease, caused by brenneria salicis formerly erwinia salicis, is of significant concern wherever treeforming willows are grown or occur naturally. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official pdf file on govinfo. The genomic sequence data and all other features on this site are currently available. These results demonstrate that rubrifacine production and virulence of b. Taxonomy and identification of bacteria associated with. Jun 16, 2017 acute oak decline aod is a relatively newly described disorder affecting native oak species in britain.
Affected trees are observed to grow at specific sites which seem more sensitive to periodical watermark symptom development than other sites. It can survive in diseased stumps for at least four years. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Brenneria salicis associated with watermark disease. Pcrbased detection of the causal agent of watermark disease in willows salix spp. Categories have been assigned by the eppo secretariat on the basis of available data at the time of entry. Some nomenclatural points are discussed as a prodrom of a taxonomic revision of the genus alnicola naucoria sensu moser. The proposal of brenneria was based on comparative analyses of 16s rdna sequence data. We do not use these to store personal information about you. Lectotypifications of alnicola and agaricus tribe naucoria are critically analyzed.
Arboriculture research note arboricultural association. Watermark disease affects infected trees by occluding the xylem vessels, impeding circulation. Brenneria salicis, the bacterium causing watermark disease in willow. Mar 23, 2017 the organization of bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology makes it impractical for helping place unknown bacteria into major taxa, but it contains far more detail on the families, genera, and species and is far more up to date than the determinative manual. Please note that these proposed changes would pertain only to nomenclature. The bacterium is known to cause watermark disease in willow salix ssp. Pacbio rs ii run has been deposited in sequence read archive. Consolidation of regulated pests for canada introduction. Brenneria salicis erwisahost plants eppo global database. Brenneria salicis is a gramnegative bacterium that is pathogenic on plants. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. However, erwinia salicis day chester is now considered a synonym for brenneria salicis day hauben et al. Erwinia salicis and willow anthracnose, caused by the fungus marssonina salicicola.
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